Predicting the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of a fault breccia from texture coefficient   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Alber  S. Kahraman 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2009,42(1):117-127

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Radon concentrations in soil gas,considering radioactive equilibrium conditions with application to estimating fault-zone geometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Katsuaki Koike  Tohru Yoshinaga  Hisafumi Asaue 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(8):1533-1549

A calculation method for determining the amount of Rn isotopes and daughter products at the start of measurement (CRAS) is proposed as a more accurate means of estimating the initial Rn concentration in soil gas. The CRAS utilizes the decay law between ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn isotopes and the daughter products ²¹⁸Po and ²¹⁶Po, and is applicable to α-scintillation counter measurements. As Rn is both inert and chemically stable, it is useful for fault investigation based on the soil gas geochemistry. However, the total number of α particles emitted by the decay of Rn has generally been considered to be proportional to the initial Rn concentration, without considering the gas condition with respect to radioactive equilibrium. The CRAS method is shown to be effective to derive Rn concentration for soil gases under both nonequilibrium conditions, in which the total number of decays increases with time, and equilibrium conditions, which are typical of normal soil under low gas flux. The CRAS method in conjunction with finite difference method simulation is applied to the analysis of two active fault areas in Japan, and it is demonstrated that this combination could detect the sharp rises in ²²²Rn concentrations associated with faults. The method also allows the determination of fault geometry near the surface based on the asymmetry variation of the Rn concentration distribution when coupled with a numerical simulation of ²²²Rn transport. The results for the new method as applied to the two case studies are consistent with the data collected from the geological survey. It implies that the CRAS method is suitable for investigating the fault system and interstitial gas mobility through fractures. The present analyses have also demonstrated that high Rn concentrations require the recent and repeated accumulation of ²²²Rn parents (²³⁰Th and ²²⁶Ra) in fault gouges through deep gas release during fault movement.  相似文献   

钇稳定氧化锆传感器在地学实验中的应用     

张磊  李和平  徐丽萍  王光伟  窦静  张艳清 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2009,28(4):384-389

在地球科学实验中,氧逸度、氢逸度是反映待测体系的氧化还原状态和制约体系发展过程的重要参数。本文阐述了钇稳定氧化锆（YSZ）的导电机理和不同稳定剂（Y2O3）掺杂量对性质的影响,并列举了实验地球化学中利用YSZ传感器测定体系氧逸度、氢逸度及pH值的方法。与已有的其他氧/氢逸度测量方法相比较,YSZ传感器在实验中有耐高温、高压、抗腐蚀性强、响应快、原位测定特性好等诸多优点。最后指出了YSZ在应用于实验过程中的存在问题。随着陶瓷制作技术、微机械加工技术和微电子技术的发展,YSZ在地学实验中的应用将更加多样化和具有针对性。  相似文献   

电气石/H_2O_2体系降解Cu(Ⅱ)-EDTA废水的研究     

姚志通  张路  夏枚生  叶瑛  张维睿 《矿物学报》2009,29(4)

Cu(Ⅱ)-EDTA废水由于其螯合性难以处理.采用电气石/H_2O_2体系进行降解,结果显示废水处理达到较好的效果.COD和Cu~(2+)的去除率与电气石投加量、H_2O_2用量和温度呈正相关性.溶液pH=3时,两者去除率最大.紫外-可见吸收光谱显示,处理后的Cu(Ⅱ)-EDTA被降解为小分子有机物.通过对比电气石反应前后的XRD图谱和红外光谱发现,电气石与EDTA降解中间产物发生络合.反应动力学研究结果表明,电气石/H_2O_2体系降解废水的反应为拟一级反应.  相似文献   

银川平原承压水氢氧同位素组成与~(14)C年龄分布特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

贾秀梅  孙继朝  陈玺  黄冠星  吴学华  郁冬梅 《现代地质》2009,23(1)

利用地下水氢氧同位素(2H、3H和18O)和碳同位素(14C)方法,分析银川平原承压水的补给更新能力。在平原区采集承压水氢、氧、碳同位素样品45组,测试其氢氧同位素含量和14C年龄。据测试结果分析,地下水氢、氧、碳环境同位素分布特征存在较好的一致性,揭示了该区承压水的补给、流动的区域规律和局部变化特征。地下水14C测年结果显示,承压水年龄大多介于3000~22290 a之间,同时采用Tamers和Gonfiantinie模型对14C年龄校正进行了对比分析。沿同位素水文地质剖面计算得出:银川以北贺兰山前向平原中部地下水的流动速率为2.22~0.63 m/a,呈现由南向北递减的特征;从青铜峡冲洪积区向平原中部地下水由每年流动十余米减少至2 m。综合分析认为,银川平原承压水流动缓慢,水交替循环时间长,局部与潜水水力联系较密切,在承压水开采区,潜水越流补给量可达45%,适量开采存在一定程度的可更新性。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地前陆区和台盆区天然气的地球化学特征及成因   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

刘全有  戴金星  金之钧  李剑 《地质学报》2009,83(1):107-114

通过对塔里木盆地天然气碳氢同位素分析,主要存在两种类型天然气,即油型气与煤型气。油型气烷烃气碳同位素组成较轻（δ13C2＜-28‰,δ13C3＜-25‰）,氢同位素组成偏重,成烃母质主要为海相沉积环境形成的寒武系—下奥陶统或中下奥陶统烃源岩,分布区域主要为台盆区;而煤型气烷烃气碳同位素组成较重（δ13C2＞-28‰,δ13C3＞-25‰）,氢同位素组成偏轻,成烃母质主要为陆相沉积环境形成的三叠系—侏罗系烃源岩,分布区域主要为前陆区。在塔里木盆地,烷烃气同位素组成局部倒转主要与烃源岩热演化程度差异有关;同时,在局部地区硫酸盐热还原（TSR）也可引起碳同位素组成的局部倒转。塔里木盆地天然气中3He/4He值偏高可能与残留在岩石中的少量深部气体混入气藏有关。  相似文献   

Glacier meltwater runoff process analysis using δD and δ<Superscript>18</Superscript>O isotope and chemistry at the remote Laohugou glacier basin in western Qilian Mountains,China     

Caixia Wang  Zhiwen Dong  Xiang Qin  Jie Zhang  Wentao Du  Jinkui Wu 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(6):722-734

Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope has important implication on water and moisture transportation tracing research. Based on stable hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) isotope using a Picarro L1102-i and water chemistry (e.g. major ions, pH, EC and TDS) measurement, this study discussed the temporal variation and characteristics of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope, chemistry (e.g. TDS, pH, EC, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺ and Cl^-) in various water bodies including glacier meltwater runoff, ice and snow, and precipitation at the Laohugou glacier basin during June 2012 to September 2013. Results showed that δD and δ¹⁸O in the meltwater runoff varied obviously with the temporal change from June to September, showing firstly increasing trend and then decreasing trend, with the highest values in July with high air temperature and strong glacier melting, which could indicate the temporal change of glacier melting process and extent. Variations of δD and δ¹⁸O in the runoff were similar with that of snow and ice on the glacier, and the values were also above the GMWL, which probably implied that the glacier runoff was mainly originated from glacier melting and precipitation supply. The glacier meltwater chemical type at the Laohugou glacier basin were mainly composed by Ca-Na-HCO₃-SO₄ and Ca-Mg-HCO₃-SO₄, which also varied evidently with the glacier melting process in summer. By analyzing the temporal change of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope and chemistry in the melting period, we find it is easy to separate the components of the snow and ice, atmospheric precipitation and melt-runoff in the river, which could reflect the change process of glacier melting during the melting period, and thus this work can contribute to the glacier runoff change study of large-scale region by stable isotope and geochemical method in future.  相似文献   

阿尔金南缘断裂东段晚第四纪活动特征     

邵延秀  袁道阳  刘兴旺  罗浩 《震灾防御技术》2016,11(4):693-706

阿尔金断裂的几何学和运动学特征对研究青藏高原构造演化和陆内地震机理非常重要。为定量科学研究较为薄弱的阿尔金南缘断裂东段的运动学参数,我们采用航卫片的解译、野外调查、地形测绘和年代学样品测试等多种方法对该段进行了初步研究。结果显示该段断裂主要以左旋走滑运动为主,且沿线存在较多的小位移,其位移空间分布的3个明显峰值分别为4.5m、8m和13m。根据河流阶地的左旋位移和相应的地貌面沉积年龄,得到晚第四纪以来阿尔金断裂东段的走滑速率约为2.7±0.9mm/a。基于所获得的定量参数,认为该段断裂向东以应变分解的形式将其应变量传递到相邻的逆冲断裂上。  相似文献   

哈尼梯田麻栗寨河流域雨季大气降水氢氧同位素特征及影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张贵玲  角媛梅  刘澄静  丁银平  张侃丰 《冰川冻土》2016,38(6):1701-1709

以红河哈尼梯田文化景观遗产核心区麻栗寨河流域的雨季大气降水为研究对象,对2014年雨季典型月7月的氢氧同位素组成进行了分析,拟合出大气瞬时降水线方程,并与邻近地区及全国、全球降水线方程进行对比,分析温度、湿度、降水量等气象参数和海拔对氢氧稳定同位素的影响,并初步判断该区的水汽来源。结果表明：（1）研究区雨季大气降水δ¹⁸O值变化范围大,与邻近的昆明、贵阳、成都地区相比,贫化明显;（2）大气降水线方程为δD=7.59δ¹⁸O+3.31,其斜率和截距较小,说明研究区雨季降水量大且蒸发强烈、降水的水汽来源非单一化,除受印度洋、孟加拉湾的变热性热带海洋气团的影响,还受研究区地表水体的二次蒸发影响;（3）研究区降水稳定同位素特征显示不但存在明显的降水量效应,也存在温度效应和海拔效应,但各因素是综合作用的,主导因素不明显。  相似文献   

THE DISCUSSION FOR THE NEW ACTIVITY OF THE TIANQUAN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE 1327 TIANQUAN EARTHQUAKE,SICHUAN          下载免费PDF全文

LIANG Ming-jian  CHEN Li-chun  RAN Yong-kang  WANG Hu  LI Dong-yu 《地震地质》2016,38(3):546-559

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred along the Longmen Shan fault zone, only five years later, another M7 Lushan earthquake struck the southern segment where its seismic risk has been highly focused by multiple geoscientists since this event. Through geological investigations and paleoseismic trenching, we suggest that the segment along the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault at south of the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is active during Holocene. Along the fault, some discontinuous fault trough valleys developed and the fault dislocated the late Quaternary strata as the trench exposed. Based on analysis of historical records of earthquakes, we suggest that the epicenter of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake should be located near Tianquan and associated with the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault. Furthermore, we compared the ranges of felt earthquakes(the 2013 M7 Lushan earthquake and the 1970 M_S6.2 Dayi earthquake)and suggest that the magnitude of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake is more possible between 6½ and 7. The southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone behaves as a thrust fault system consisting of several sub-paralleled faults and its deep structure shows multiple layers of decollement, which might disperse strain accumulation effectively and make the thrust system propagate forward into the foreland basin, creating a new decollement on a gypsum-salt bed. The soft bed is thick and does not facilitate to constrain fault deformation and accumulate strain, which produces a weak surface tectonic expression and seismic activity along the southern segment, this is quite different from that of the middle and northern segments of the Longmen Shan fault zone.  相似文献